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Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most significant risk factor. While there are more than 100 strains of HPV, including those that cause the common wart, there are only a few that are considered high risk for causing cervical cancer. Exposure to HPV is quite common, but most women have a transient or short-lived infection. HPV can be transmitted through vaginal, anal or oral sex. Exposure to high-risk HPV during puberty is particularly concerning for increasing risk.
The number of sexual partners may affect your exposure to high-risk HPV. Delaying onset of sexual activity may reduce risk through avoiding exposure to high-risk HPV during a crucial “window” when the cervical tissue is most susceptible to infection from HPV.
Other risk factors for developing cervical cancer include smoking, HIV infection and multiple pregnancies.
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