Hypothermia
Definition
Hypothermia is dangerously low body temperature, below 95°F (35°C).
Alternative Names
Low body temperature; Cold exposure
Considerations
People most likely to experience hypothermia include:
- Very old or very young
- Chronically ill, especially with heart or circulation problems
- Malnourished
- Overly tired
- Under the influence of alcohol or drugs
Causes
Hypothermia occurs when more heat is lost than the body can generate. It is usually caused by extended exposure to the cold.
Common causes include:
- Being outside without enough protective clothing in winter.
- Falling overboard from a boat into cold water.
- Wearing wet clothing in windy or cold weather.
- Heavy exertion, not drinking enough fluids, or not eating enough in cold weather.
References
Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, eds. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 5th ed. St. Louis, Mo: London: Mosby; 2002:1979-1996.
Auerbach PS. Wilderness Medicine. 4th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2001.
Ford MD, ed. Clinical Toxicology. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 2001:244-247.
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