Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Definition

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a form of cardiomyopathy, a condition in which the heart muscle to become thick. The thickening makes it harder for the heart to work.

Alternative Names

Cardiomyopathy - hypertrophic (HCM); IHSS; Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis; Asymmetric septal hypertrophy; ASH; HOCM; Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Causes

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is often asymmetrical, meaning one part of the heart is thicker than the other parts. The condition is usually passed down through families (inherited). It is believed to be a result of several problems (defects) with the genes that control heart muscle growth.

The thickened heart muscle makes it harder for blood to leave the heart. The heart must work harder to pump blood. The size of the heart chamber (ventricular chamber) is also smaller than usual.

The thickening of the heart muscle may also make it harder for the heart valves to work. Heart valves help control the direction of blood flow.

Younger people are likely to have a more severe form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, the condition is seen in people of all ages.

References

Maron BJ. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2007: chap 65.


Heart, section through the middle


Heart, front view


Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Review Date: 12/11/2007
Reviewed By: Mark A Fogel, MD, FACC, FAAP, Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Radiology, Director of Cardiac MR, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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