Pseudomembranous colitis
Alternative Names
Antibiotic-associated colitis; Colitis - pseudomembranous; Necrotizing colitisTreatment
The antibiotic or other medicine causing the condition should be stopped. Metronidazole is usually used to treat the disorder, but vancomycin or rifaximin may also be used.
Electrolyte solutions or fluids given through a vein may be needed to treat dehydration due to diarrhea. In rare cases, surgery is needed to treat infections that get worse or do not respond to antibiotics.
Outlook (Prognosis)
If there are no complications, the outlook is generally good. However, up to 20% of infections may return, requiring additional treatment.
Possible Complications
- Perforation (hole) of the colon
- Dehydration with electrolyte imbalance
- Toxic megacolon
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your health care provider if the following symptoms occur:
- Persistent diarrhea
- Bloody stools after taking antibiotics
- Severe abdominal pain
- Signs of dehydration (dry skin, dry mouth, glassy appearance of the eyes, sunken fontanelles in infants, rapid pulse, confusion, excessive tiredness)
References
Aslam S. An update on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. Jun 2006;35(2):315-335.
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