Hyponatremia

Alternative Names

Dilutional hyponatremia; Euvolemic hyponatremia; Hypervolemic hyponatremia; Hypovolemic hyponatremia

Treatment

The cause of hyponatremia must be treated, especially in the case of cancer where radiation, chemotherapy, or surgery to remove the tumor may correct the sodium imbalance. Other treatments depend on the type of hyponatremia.

Treatments to correct hyponatremia may include:

• Intravenous (IV) fluids
• Medication for symptoms such as seizures
• Oxygen through a mask or a breathing machine
• Water and salt restriction

Outlook (Prognosis)

The outcome depends on the condition that is causing the problem. In general, acute hyponatremia, which occurs in less than 48 hours, is more dangerous. When sodium levels fall slowly over a period of days or weeks (chronic hyponatremia), the brain cells have time to adjust and swelling is minimal.

Possible Complications

• Brain herniation
• Death
• Possible coma

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Hyponatremia can be a life-threatening emergency. Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of this condition.

References

Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, et al., eds. Hyponatremia. In Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 15th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2001:274-76.