Malignant hypertension

Alternative Names

Treatment

You will need to stay in the hospital until the severe high blood pressure is under control. Medications may be given through a vein to reduce your blood pressure.

After the severe high blood pressure is brought under control, blood pressure medicines taken by mouth can control the hypertension. The medication may need to be adjusted occasionally. Hypertension can be difficult to control.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Many body systems are in serious risk due to the extreme rise in blood pressure. Multiple organs of the body, including the brain, eyes, blood vessels, heart, and kidneys may sustain damage. The blood vessels of the kidney are highly susceptible to damage caused by pressure, and kidney failure may develop, which may be permanent.

If treated promptly, malignant hypertension is often controlled without permanent complications. If it is not treated promptly, complications may be severe and life-threatening.

Possible Complications

• Brain damage due to:
  • Coma
  • Hypertensive encephalopathy
  • Intracerebral hemorrhage
  • Seizures
  • Spasm or constriction of the arteries of the brain
  • Stroke
  • Swelling
• Heart damage, including:
  • Heart attack
  • Angina
• Kidney failure
• Malignant hypertension episodes return
• Permanent blindness
• Pulmonary edema

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Go to the emergency room or call your local emergency number (such as 911) if symptoms of malignant hypertension develop. This is an emergency condition.

Call your health care provider if you know you have poorly controlled high blood pressure.