Factor V deficiency

Definition

Factor V deficiency is an inherited abnormal blood coagulation disorder caused by a deficiency of the plasma protein Factor V.

Alternative Names

Causes

Normal blood coagulation is a complex process involving as many as 20 different plasma proteins, which are known as blood coagulation factors. A series of complex chemical reactions using these factors takes place very rapidly to form an insoluble protein called fibrin that stops bleeding. In this disorder, bleeding ranges from mild to severe.

When certain coagulation factors are deficient or missing, the chain reaction does not take place normally. Factor V is rare, and can be caused by inheriting a defective Factor V gene or by acquiring an antibody that interferes with normal Factor V function.

An inhibitor of Factor V can be acquired after giving birth, after surgery, with autoimmune diseases and certain cancers, in patients being treated with a certain type of fibrin glue, and from unknown sources.

The disease is similar to hemophilia, except bleeding into joints is less common. In the inherited form of Factor V deficiency, a family history of a bleeding disorder is a risk factor.

Excessive bleeding with menstrual periods and after delivery occurs frequently. A family history of a bleeding disorder is a risk factor. Men and women are affected equally. About 1 person per 1 million has the disorder.