Tardive dyskinesia
Definition
Tardive dyskinesia is a disorder that causes involuntary movements (especially of the lower face).
Causes
Tardive dyskinesia is serious side effect of long-term use of drugs called neuroleptics. The most commonly used neuroleptics are older anti-psychotic drugs, including haloperidol, trifluoperazine, or fluphenazine.
References
Nasrallah HA. Focus on lower risk of tardive dyskinesia with atypical antipsychotics. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2006 Jan-Mar;18(1):57-62.
Chen JJ, Lee KC. Nonparkinsonism movement disorders in the elderly. Consult Pharm. 2006 Jan;21(1):58-71.
Margolese HC, Chouinard G, Kolivakis TT, Beauclair L, Miller R. Tardive dyskinesia in the era of typical and atypical antipsychotics. Part 1: pathophysiology and mechanisms of induction. Can J Psychiatry. 2005 Aug;50(9):541-7. Review.
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