Bronchiolitis

Treatment

Sometimes, no treatment is necessary.

Supportive therapy can include:

• Chest clapping
• Clear fluids
• Humidified air
• Oxygen
• Rest

Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections. Medicines used in the hospital can include albuterol (a medication normally used in asthma) or steroids.

In extremely ill children, antiviral medications (such as ribavirin) are sometimes used. Antiviral treatment may decrease the severity and duration of the illness. To be effective, these medications must be given early in the course of the illness.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Usually, the symptoms get better within a week, and breathing difficulty usually improves by the third day. The mortality rate is less than 1%.

Possible Complications

• Airways disease, including asthma, later in life
• Respiratory failure
• Secondary infection, such as pneumonia

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your health care provider immediately, or go to the emergency room if the child with bronchiolitis:

• Becomes lethargic
• Develops a bluish color in the skin, nails, or lips
• Develops rapid, shallow breathing
• Has a cold that suddenly worsens
• Has difficulty breathing
• Flares nostrils or retracts chest muscles in an effort to breathe