Weight gain - unintentional

Definition

Unintentional weight gain is an increase in body weight that occurs when a person takes in more calories than the body needs or uses, causing increased fat storage.

Considerations

Almost 40% of all Americans are overweight. As we age, our metabolism slows, which can cause weight gain unless we also reduce food intake and get adequate exercise.

Weight gain can also be a significant symptom of several endocrine diseases such as Cushing syndrome or hypothyroidism. It may also be caused by heart or lung disorders as well.

A continued weight gain occurs with pregnancy, whereas a periodic weight gain may occur with menstruation. A rapid weight gain may be a sign of dangerous fluid retention.

Causes

• Alcohol use
• Certain drugs such as corticosteroids, cyproheptadine, lithium, tranquilizers, phenothiazines, some antidepressants, and medicines that increase fluid retention and cause edema
• Cushing syndrome
• Eating too much and not exercising enough
• Emotional factors such as guilt, depression, and anxiety
• High-carbohydrate, high-calorie diet
• Hypothyroidism
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Slower metabolism, which is normal with aging
• Smoking cessation

References

National Institutes of Health. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: The Evidence Report. Obes Res. 1998 Sep;6 Suppl 2:51S-209S.