Agitation
Definition
Agitation is an unpleasant state of extreme arousal, increased tension, and irritability.
Alternative Names
RestlessnessConsiderations
Extreme agitation can lead to confusion, hyperactivity, and hostility. Agitation can come on suddenly or over time. It can last for just a few minutes, or for weeks and even months. Pain, stress, and fever can all increase agitation.
Agitation by itself may not be a sign of a health problem. However, if other symptoms occur, it can be a sign of disease.
When agitation lasts for hours and there is changed awareness (altered consciousness), doctors often call this "delirium." Usually this has a medical cause such as alcohol withdrawal or an infection (in elderly adults). Older adults often have delirium while hospitalized.
Causes
Causes of agitation include:
- Alcohol withdrawal
- Nicotine withdrawal
- Cocaine withdrawal
- Opiate withdrawal
- Caffeine
- Cocaine, hallucinogenic drugs, ephedrine
- Theophylline or other medicines
- Vitamin B6 deficiency
- Hyperthyroidism
- Medical tests that involve injecting a "contrast medium" into the patient
Agitation can be associated with anxiety and depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.
A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by
URAC, also known as the American
Accreditation HealthCare Commission. URAC's accreditation program is
the first of its kind, requiring compliance with 53 standards of quality and
accountability, verified by independent audit.
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright 2005 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.