Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy

Definition

Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy is bleeding coming through the vagina during pregnancy, for any reason.

Alternative Names

Considerations

Up to 10% of women have vaginal bleeding at some time during their pregnancy, especially in the first 3 months (first trimester). Bleeding is even more common with twins.

To help prevent a miscarriage or other problems during pregnancy:

• Avoid smoking and using drugs of any kind, including alcohol
• Eat a well-balanced diet
• Get regular medical checkups

Causes

During the first 3 months vaginal bleeding may be a sign of a miscarriage. See the doctor right away. During months 4-9 bleeding may be a sign of:

• Abruptio placentae
• Miscarriage
• Placenta previa

Other possible causes of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy:

• Early labor (bloody show)
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Infection of the cervix
• Trauma to the cervix from intercourse (small amount of bleeding)

Other diseases and medications can cause bleeding during pregnancy. The causes may differ depending on your age.

Characteristics of the bleeding can indicate its causes. These include:

• Length of bleeding
• Quality (light or heavy bleeding, with or without pain)
• What makes the bleeding better
• What makes the bleeding worse

References

Gabbe SG. Niebyl JR, Simpson JL. Gabbe: Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 5th ed. New York, Ny: Churchill Livingstone; 2007.