Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Alternative Names

SARS

Treatment

People suspected of having SARS should be evaluated immediately by a physician, and hospitalized under isolation if they meet the definition of a suspected or probable case.

Antibiotics are sometimes given in an attempt to treat bacterial causes of atypical pneumonia. Antiviral medications have also been used. High doses of steroids have been given to reduce lung inflammation. In some serious cases, serum from people who have already recovered from SARS (convalescent serum) has been given. There is no strong evidence to show that these treatments always work.

Other supportive care such as supplemental oxygen, chest physiotherapy, or mechanical ventilation is sometimes needed.

Outlook (Prognosis)

As the first wave of SARS began to subside, the death rate proved to have been about 14 or 15 percent of those diagnosed. In people over age 65, the death rate was higher than 50 percent. Many more were sick enough to require mechanical ventilation. And more still were sick enough to require hospitalization in intensive care units.

Intensive public health policies are proving to be effective in controlling outbreaks. Many nations have stopped the epidemic within their own countries. All nations must be vigilant, however, to keep this disease under control. Viruses in the coronavirus family are known for their ability to change (mutate) in order to better spread among humans.

Possible Complications

• Respiratory failure
• Liver failure
• Heart failure

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your health care provider if you suspect you or someone you have had close contact with has SARS.

References

Vijayanand P, Wilkins E, Woodhead M. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a review. Clin Med. 2004 Mar-Apr;4(2):152-60.

Ng EK, Lo YM. Molecular diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Methods Mol Biol. 2006;336:163-75.